![]() ![]() Only the boss, underboss or consigliere can initiate an associate into the family, allowing them to become a made man. The boss in the Sicilian and Italian-American Mafia is the head of the crime family and the top decision maker. The size of the criminal organization is also important, as regional or national gangs have much more complex hierarchies. American groups may be structured differently from their European counterparts and Latino and African American gangs often have structures that vary from European gangs. Organized crime enterprises originating in Sicily differ in structure from those in mainland Italy. Other groups have a more complex, structured organization with many ranks, and structure may vary with cultural background. Some groups may only have as little as two ranks (a crime boss and their soldiers). ![]() Many rock and pop players have used capos, including George Harrison, Keith Richards, Noel Gallagher, Bruce Springsteen, Steve Earle, Tom Petty, Richard Thompson, Johnny Marr, Paul Simon, Jimmy Page, John Mayer and many others.Al Capone was a crime boss during the Prohibition era.Ī crime boss, also known as a crime lord, Don, gang lord, gang boss, mob boss, kingpin, godfather, crime mentor or criminal mastermind, is a person in charge of a criminal organization.Ī crime boss typically has absolute or nearly absolute control over the other members of the organization and is often greatly feared or respected for their cunning, strategy, and/or ruthlessness and willingness to take lives to exert their influence and profits from the criminal endeavors in which the organization engages. This allows dozens of tonal variations without changing the tuning of the instrument.Ĭapo use is common in blues, folk, flamenco and traditional Irish guitar music they’re used hardly at all in jazz and classical guitar playing. Most have a rubber-covered bar that actually holds down the strings, fastened to the neck with an elastic, nylon or other fabric strap or by a spring, screw or cam-operated clamp.Ī more recent innovation is the partial capo, which does not completely encircle the neck and which can be applied to only two, three, four or five strings rather than all six. Consequently, not only the pitch but also the timbre of the strings is affected, imparting the tonality of instruments with shorter scales, such as mandolins.ĭifferent styles of capos are affixed to a guitar neck just behind the fret wire by one of several different attachment methods. This means that the pitch of fretted notes does not change only the pitch of the open, unfretted strings. A capo thus works in addition to the nut, rather than instead of it.Īn important distinction worth noting about capos is that they’re used to change the pitch of open strings without adjusting the tuning keys. Unlike the nut, however, capos don’t have string grooves, as their only purpose is to change pitch rather than maintain lateral string placement (a function still ensured by the nut and bridge even when a capo is in use). The nut has grooves that, along with the bridge at the body end of the scale length, ensure the correct lateral placement of the strings along the length of the fretboard.Ī capo functions as a sort of moveable nut, as it can be affixed to any fret below the neck joint and provide the same kind of vibration termination. The nut straddles the joint where the fretboard meets the headstock, and the strings pass over it (often at an angle) as they leave the fretboard and find their anchoring points on the headstock. On the headstock end of a guitar, the termination of a string’s vibrating length (or scale length) is a thin strip of plastic, metal or bone called the nut. To understand what a capo does, you must first understand what the nut does. The main advantage of using a capo is that it lets a guitarist play a song in different keys while still using first-position open-string chord forms, which have a more droning and fully resonant tone than, for example, many bar chords. A capo is usually fastened across all the strings of a guitar or other fretted stringed instrument, although less often they are used on only some strings rather than all of them. ![]() ![]() Taking its name from the Italian word for "head," a capo is a small device that clamps onto the neck of a guitar and shortens the length of the strings, raising their pitch. One of the more common acoustic and electric guitar accessories-along with tuners, string winders, humidifiers, etc.-is the capo. ![]()
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